Chronometer-escapement



s. TIDEMAN. CHRONOMETER ESCAPEMENT.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 20.19l9.

Patented Apr. 6, 1920.

2 sHEETS- SHEEI I.

INVENTOR y BY V A TTURNEYS s. TIDEMAM CHRONOMETER ESCAPEMENT.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 20, 1919.

1351369639 Patented Apr. 6, 1920.

2 SHEETSSHEET 2 WITNESSES l/VVE/VTUR liajm SVENTIDEMAN, OF COLUMBUS, OHIO.

CiEIRONOMETER-ESCAPEMENT.

Specification of Letters Patent.

. Patented A r. 6, 1920.

Application filed May 20, 1919. Serial No. 298,437.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Sven TIDEMAN subject of the King of Sweden, and a resident of Columbus, in the county of Franklin and State of Ohio, have invented a new and Improved Chronometer-Escapement, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

The object of the invention is to provide a new and improved chronometer escapement arranged to prevent interference with the free oscillating movement of the balance wheel by the action of the driving train of gear wheels connected with the escapement wheel. Another object is to impart only a forward impulse to the balance wheel at each gyration. Another object is to impart the impulse to the balance wheel at the rim thereof thus relieving the pivot of the balance wheel of undue strain and thereby reducing friction to a minimum. Another object is to govern the force of the'impulse given to the balance wheel to insure a definite speed of motion.

with these and other objects in view, the invention consists of certain novel. features of construction as hereinafter shown and described and then specifically pointed out in the claims.

A. practical embodiment of the invention is represented in the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification, in which. similar characters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the 'views.

Figure l is an enlarged plan view of the improved chronometer escapement;

Fig. 2 is side elevation of the same;

Fig. 3 is a plan view of a modified form of the chronometer csca-pement provided Fig. 12 is a side elevation of the same.

The chronometer escapement illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 comprises an escapement wheel 20 arran ed to g ve impulses 1n the usual manner to the pallets 21 and 22 of an escapement lever or anchor 23 provided with an arm 24 in which is secured by a set screw or other fastening means the outer end of a spring 26 secured at its inner end to the hub 27 of the balance wheel 28. The anchor arm 24 has a limited movement between two guide pins 30 and 31 attached to the framework of the ehronometer. By the arrangement described impulses given by the escapement wheel 20 to the anchor are transmitted by the latter in a forward direction -to the spring 26 of the balance wheel 28 thus causing the latter to oscillate. it will be noticed that as the swinging movement given to the anchor arm 24 is limited between the pins 30-and 31, the balance wheel is free to swing without the least interference by the actuating parts.

In the modified form shown in Figs. 3 and 4, the escapement wheel 40 imparts impulses by the pallets 41 and 42 to the anchor 43 provided with a pin connected with one end of a spring 45 attached at its other end to a pin 46 mounted on the balance wheel 47. Use is made of a driver 50 operating in conjunction with the anchor 43 and the balance wheel 47, and for this purpose the driver 50 comprises a staff 51 journaled in the framework of the chronomcter and provided with a segmental gear wheel 52 adapted to coact with a segmental gear wheel formed. on a tail-piece 54 of the anchor 43. A spring has its inner end attached to the staff 51 and the outer end of this spring is fastened to a pin 56 carried on the framework of the chronometer. On the staff 51 is secured a plate 57 provided with a stud 58 adapted to coact with a stud 59 projecting radially from the peripheral face ofthe balance wheel 47. The plate 57 provided with a tailpiece 60 oscillating between stop pins 61 and 62 attached to the framework of the chronometer. The plate 57 is provided oiropposite sides with banking pins 65, 66 adapted to enact with the stud 59 to prevent the balance wheel 47 from describing more than two revolutions in a single gyra tion.

In theposition shown in Fig. 3, the ba1- ance wheel 47 by its pull onthe spring 45 holds the anchor 43 locked in the escapement wheel 40 by the pallet 42 with the driver plate 57 seatedagainst the stop pin 61. resuming that the balance wheel 47 moves in the direction indicated by the arrow in whereby the driving pin 58 in engagemeijit/ with the stud 59 drives the balance wheei forward until the tail ($0 of the driver nlate moves against the stop pin 6:33. The

'al parts are now in the "position to rei cat the above described performance in the 'mposit direction whenever the balance wheel 47 swings in the inverse direction of its arrovvg shown in Fig. 3; it is understood that one of the two banking pins orb-(3 2c is in position to oppose the stud 59 should the balance wheel a? attempt to describe more than two revolutions in a g v'ation. Tie spring 55 serves several purposes: irst, it Serums a cen 'ral position of rest for the anchor 33 and with it the balance wheel 4? in relation to the escapeinent wheel second the spring 335 takes care of the friction on the anchor pivots and of the resistance in the releaee oi the anchor 43 from the hold of the corresponding: tooth of the eapeinent wheel '40 thus keeping the balance wheel 47 "free oi all intert'erence from the driving train of gear wheels connerted with the balance wheel including the anchor; third. the sips-in; aids the impulse by overcoming the inertia of the anchor {13 and it relieves the cscapenient wheel 4 from'this burden; fourth. the spring im parts a definite speed to the anchor 43 Synehronous to that'ot the balance \vhcci thus inaurpig' pressure at the impulse proporl'ional to the lag oi the balance wheel: fifth, the action of the spring 57 ceases with the impulse, that is. when thi anchor 43 strikes the guard pin thus leaving: the rate oi" th balance wheel 47 uiulisturhcd as governed by the balance spring- 45. The driver 50 constitutes essentially a sal c't -J device and its, functions are fourfold: lirslir it insures the eil'ectivencss; (it the l'orce applied ov 'ering' a direct stroke to the balance el at the peripheral lace thereof i a view to cause the least 'i'ricliion on its 'rte; aeeoiuh the driver prevents the bailwheel l! from getting a chance of ship- 531 42 can leave the corresponding tooth U1 4 i. the esca 'einen vheel 4e and by th: null .s; the nuivement se i -starting:

' V anchor to be act as far from the center of the escapenient as will permit oi? locking driver in) preveu the i r from over-straining the balance spring 1 5 in arses; of external disturluinces hrough the baning pins; (15, Stud the poaeihleo ation to l; uiulersrood the;

hunting 7'0 nd. the

lutiens. 1S applied to the balance wheel cci.

outside the i the pi sure In the modified Form ,-:.hov-:n ll

and (3, practicallv ihe sail disclosed as the one ill,

and -1- and al'iove deacf is more especially for u e in po l-ict cl i eters and it conpr's.

7Q COl1Ci1i1,l' 'wi h t1 '71 and 4; oi an 5;!) anchor 71-; hav i a in T l connected with in;- 77 attached at its the outer end 0 l a s inner end to the l 'f'i' l i w ialance wheel '16. lhe

driver 80 in this case provided with a ll 81 carrying a tooth adapted to gage 5 the forked end 83 of a tailpic e 84 forming part of the anchor 73 am carrying the pin Tl above mentioned. The plate oi? the driver 80 is provided with a pin 5. eoacting with a, stud extending radially from the 100 'icripheral race of the balai'ice wheel {1' ii. The tailpiece 88 of the plate oscillates be tween stop pins 89, $90, and the plate is provided with banlv'in r pins '31 and 92 enacting with the stud 87, as above explained. relative to the banking pins (353 and (iii and the stud 59. A spring 95 secured at its outer end to.a post 96 attached to (he iraincwm'k oi, the chronomcler and the inner end of the spring is "fastened to the stall S1. The operation in this case is the same as abov described in reference to the construction her l hence lurl 'eral CUl15'i'E"H('il ')DS disc" 11-) I i 5 and (i. the axes oi halance whcei 1o anchor c incide in he nliiicd ioi'in shown in T and (h the cscapeiocut whorl 201'.- arts on :he palle fun "3.055 piviao etcd at E "'iiHEH eter. "a

)I'OXii'llltfiCl inn w if-:5

with a plate 112 carrying a pin 113 coacting with a stud 114 projecting radially from the balance wheel 10?. Instead of banking pins, the plate 112 1is provided with arms 115, 116 coacting with a pin 117 depending from the balance wheel 107. The 110 is connected with the inner-end of a spring 120 connected at its'outer end to a pin 121 attached to the framework of the chronometer. The action in this case is the same as above described in reference to the construction disclosed in Figs. 3 and at, the only difference being that the arms 115 and 116 limit the movement of the balance wheel 107 by moving into the path of the pin 11? to prevent the balance from describing more than two revolutions in a gyration.

In the modified form shown in 9 and 10, the escapement wheel imparts impulses to the pallets 131 and 132. of an anchor 133 having its staff 134 connected with the inner end of a spring 135 attached at its outer end to a pin 136 mounted on the framework of the chronometer. This spring 135 corresponds in action to the s ring 55 described above and illustrated in Pigs. 3 and 4. The tail 137 of the anchor 133 oscillates between the stop pins 133 and 139 attached to the framework of the chronometer. with a pin 140 connected with. one end ot the balance spring 141 connected atits other end to a pin 1412 depending from the balance wheel 143 having its stall 1 1-1 "coinciding with the staff 134 of the anchor 133. The action of the several parts is practically the same; as the one described in reference to the construction disclosed in Figs. 3 and 4 with the only differences that the driver 50 is dispensed with and the sp-ing 135 is directly connected with the anchor 133.

In the modified form shown in Figs. 11

and 12, the escapement wheel imparts vided with adepending pin to which is attached one end of a spring 171 having its other end 172 attached to the hub 17 3 of a balance wheel 174. By the arrangement described the balance wheel 17 e1 is suspended by thespringlfl from the anchor 153 but the action is the same as above described so that further description of the same is not deemed necessary. I

In the devices shown in 9, 10, 11

The anchor 133 is provided and 12, the axes of the balance wheels 1%13 and 174. coincide with the axes of the anchors 13 and 153, respectively.

From the foregoing it will be seen that interference with the free oscillating movement of the balance wheel by the action of the driving train of gear wheels is completely prcvei'ited. Furthermore, only a forward impulse given to the balance wheel at each gyration and the impulse is imparted to the balance wheel at the rim thereof thus relieving the. pi vot of the b2 lance wheel of undue strain and thereby reducing the friction at the pivot to a minimum. It will also be seen that by the arrangement described, the force of the impulse given to the balance wheel is governed by the actions of the spring-pressed driver which provides a definite speed of motion proportional to the proper speed of the balance wheel at the timethe latter comes under its influence.

If any cause reduces the amplitude of the balance wheel, its speed when passing the central position is also reduced thereby 90 subjecting it to a harder application of the driving force by increasing the time and violence thereof, whereas an increase in amplitude and speed 01 the balance wheel beyond its proper limit reduces the application of the force until, when the anchor and driver fail to catch up with it, the impulse is reduced to m'i, and beyond which point its efiect becomes of a reversed direcl urthermore, this construction does p 1-1011. not require a close adjustment of the pivot holes to the pivots of the balance wheel and which adjustment usually interferes with the lubricating effect of the oil so well known to watchmakers.

It is understood that each of the springs 95, 1111, 135 and 161 has the same "functions as the ones described above relative to the spring 55, and hence further description of the same is not deemed necessary.

Having thus described my invention, 1 claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

1. In an escapement. an escapement wheel, an anchor in operative relation with the said escapemcnt wheel and provided with a tail piece. an oscillating driver, opera- .tive connection between said tailpiece and driver, tensioning means connected with the said driver, a balance wheel, said driver adapted to move into operative relation to said balance wheel, and means for limiting the oscillating movement of the driver,

2. 1n an escapemcnt, an cscapement wheel, an anchor in operative relation with the said escapen'ient wl eel and provided with a tailpiece, an oscillating driver, an o ierative connection he'ween said tailpiece and driver, tensionine" means connected with the said driver, a balance wheel, said driver adapted-- to move into operative relation to said halnnce Wheel, means for limiting the oscilieting movement 0?? the driver, and means on the said driver adapted to move into stopping relation to the said enlance Wheel.

3. In an eseepeinent, an escapeinent Whee an anchor in operative relation With the said cscapement wheel and provided with u tailpiece having a segmental gear wheel, an oscillating driver having a segmental gear wheel in mesh with the said tailpiece gear wheel, a spring fixed at one end and connected with the said driver, a balance wheel having a stud, and a stud on the said driver adapted to move into operative relation to the stud on the balance and guard pins to limitthe oscillating movement of the driver.

4. in an escepement, an escupemcnt wheel, an anchor in operative relation with the said cscapement Wheel and provided with n tailpiece having a segmental gear wheel. an oscillating driver having a segmental gear wheel in mesh with the said tail piece ggcnr wheel, a spring fixed at one end and connected with the said driver, a balance wheel having 21, stud, a studon the said driver adapted to move into operative relation to the stud on the balance and guard (3. in :in ca hi, :i iminnce wheel provided on its 1' ith :i stud. v and ll'i\'l2'l means adapted to engage the said stud.

'4'. In an csczipelncim :in csczzpcnient wheel. an anchor hevingpziilets courting with the said escepenient Wheei, a balan e ivhech ii, spring connecting the anchor with the hnlonce Wheel, and t driver oscillated from the said anchor and having means imparting impulses to the balance wheel, and :i spring connected with the snid driver:

8. In an escepelnent, an esczipemcnt wheel,

an anchor having; pellets coaching vith the said escapement iv. eei, a balance vvhcci. a spring connecting the anchor with the hulence wheel, a dri e1 oscillated from the said anchor and having means" im jierting; il-lpulses to the balance wheel, and a spring fixed at one end, and having its other end connected with the driver.

SVEN 'l IDEMAll. 

